Tuesday, July 16, 2019

Cli-Fi zwischen Dytopie und Utopie

Climate Fiction between dystopia and utopia

A short conversation with climate literacy activist Dan Bloom

reported by Christiane Schulzki-Hadoutti in Bonn





KlimaSocial - from knowledge to action




Bonn, 16. 7.2019

The journalist Daniel Bloom lives in Taiwan and constantly follows via Twitter, Facebook, e-mail and last but not least his blog who reports on climatic literature. He describes himself as a "literary climate activist".

When the KlimaSocial team presented eight examples of climate-fiction (cli-fi) two weeks ago, it immediately contacted them. He had read our text via Google Translate and was pleased about it. However, he did not find our report surprisingly surprising: "Among the non-English-speaking countries in Europe, Germany reports the most about climate novels on the radio and in newspaper articles."

The term Climate Fiction has only been around for a few years - and was coined by Dan Bloom. "I used the term 2011 for the first time to rouse novelists and screenwriters," says Bloom. According to Wikipedia Dan Bloom not only the definition, but also probably influenced by his numerous contacts with authors, the development of the new genre. For him, it is clear: "Just as science fiction was one of the most important literary genres in the 20th century in Europe and the US, climate novels and movies or TV series on Netflix and other channels are among the most important genres of the 21st century counting. We live cli-fi times. "He immediately tries to catch on another notation:" Perhaps we will call our century the Clifiozan. "

New concepts are for him a tool "to see things in a new way". "That's what motivates me," says Bloom. Cli Fi is now a term for novels that deal with various issues of climate change. There is no such thing as a cli-fi canon or a cli-fi agenda. For Bloom, it's actually quite simple: "Novelists go where their imagination and skill guide them in storytelling."

Dan Bloom studied French literature at the University of Boston in the 1960s, and in the 1970s he lived in Paris as a hippie. Later he worked as a newspaper reporter and editor in Alaska, Japan and Taiwan. Since 1996 he lives in Taiwan. In 2011, when he was responsible for the marketing of "Polar City Red" by US author Jim Laughter, he came up with the term "climate fiction" in order to advance the commercialization of the novel.

Bloom: "I advised Laughter to market his book as a climate-fiction thriller, which he did. Margaret Atwood, a friend of mine, also described the novel in a tweet as a climate-fiction thriller. "The tweet reached A Million's one million followers - and got the ball rolling [Q1], Meanwhile, is Cli- Fi as a genre with star authors like Michael Crichton, Margaret Atwood, Amitav Ghosh and Barbara Kingsolver become popular.

Literature dealing with climate change has been around for some time. Jules Verne imagined that the climate would change due to a shift in the Earth's axis. British author J. G. Ballard developed a world of natural disasters and climate change in various dystopian novel scenarios. In a novel from 1964, he attributes the human catastrophe to human causes: Industrial pollution is said to have disrupted the weather cycle. Various narrative strands of J. R. R. Tolkien's Ring Trilogy are now attributed to climate fiction, such as when evil sorcerer Saruman chop down tons of trees to keep his ork-operated armor machinery running. But also the setting of "Game of Thrones" on the verge of a threatening decade-long winter is added to the genre. [Q2]

Today, Dan Bloom observes two main trends in climate fiction: "Some novelists write in an apocalyptic-dystopian context. Others want their stories to be hopeful, promising and utopian. I think these will be the two most important cli-fi trends for the next 80 years. And who knows what trends will come then? "

He prefers to see the future with rose-colored glasses: "I am a born optimist and I am not afraid of the effects of global warming. I believe in the human being, who all prob

'Cli­ma­te Fic­tion' zwi­schen Dys­to­pie und Uto­pie

Ein kur­zes Ge­spräch mit dem Klimaliteratur-​Aktivisten Dan Bloom

reported by Christiane Schulzki-Hadoutti in Bonn

Kli­ma­So­ci­al vom Wis­sen zum Han­deln


Bonn, den 16. 7.2019
Der Jour­na­list Da­ni­el Bloom lebt in Tai­wan und ver­folgt über Twit­ter, Face­book, E-​Mail und nicht zu­letzt sei­nem Blog stän­dig, wer über Kli­ma­li­te­ra­tur be­rich­tet. Er selbst be­zeich­net sich als „Klima-​Aktivist der li­te­ra­ri­schen Art“.
Als das Team von  Kli­ma­So­ci­al vor zwei Wo­chen acht Bei­spie­le für „Climate-​Fiction“ (Cli-​Fi) vor­stell­te, mel­de­te er sich um­ge­hend. Er hatte un­se­ren Text per Goog­le Trans­la­te ge­le­sen und freu­te sich dar­über. Un­se­re Be­richt­erstat­tung fand er al­ler­dings nicht un­be­dingt über­ra­schend: „Unter den nicht englisch-​sprachigen Län­dern in Eu­ro­pa wird in Deutsch­land am meis­ten über Klim­a­ro­ma­ne im Radio und in Zei­tungs­ar­ti­keln be­rich­tet.“
Den Be­griff Climate-​Fiction gibt es erst seit we­ni­gen Jah­ren – und er wurde von Dan Bloom ge­prägt. „Ich habe den Be­griff 2011 zum ers­ten Mal be­nutzt, um Roman-​ und Dreh­buch­au­to­ren wach­zu­rüt­teln“, sagt Bloom. Wobei laut Wi­ki­pe­dia Dan Bloom nicht nur die De­fi­ni­ti­on, son­dern auch wohl über seine zahl­rei­chen Kon­tak­te zu Au­to­ren die Ent­wick­lung des neuen Gen­res be­ein­flusst hat. Für ihn steht fest: „So wie Science-​Fiction zur wich­tigs­ten Li­te­ra­tur­gat­tung im 20. Jahr­hun­dert in Eu­ro­pa und den USA zähl­te, wer­den Klim­a­ro­ma­ne und -​Filme oder TV-​Serien auf Net­flix und an­de­ren Ka­nä­len zu den wich­tigs­ten Gen­res des 21. Jahr­hun­derts zäh­len. Wir leben Cli-​Fi-Zeiten.“ Un­ver­dros­sen ver­sucht er sich gleich an einer wei­te­ren Be­griffs­prä­gung: „Wir wer­den unser Jahr­hun­dert viel­leicht ein­mal das Cli­fio­zän nen­nen.“
Neue Be­grif­fe sind für ihn ein Hilfs­mit­tel, „um Dinge auf eine neue Art zu sehen“. „Das ist das, was mich mo­ti­viert“, sagt Bloom. Cli-​Fi sei in­zwi­schen eine Be­zeich­nung für Ro­ma­ne, die sich mit ver­schie­de­nen Fra­gen des Kli­ma­wan­dels be­schäf­ti­gen. Einen Cli-​Fi-Kanon oder eine Cli-​Fi-Agenda gebe es nicht. Für Bloom ist die Sache ei­gent­lich ein­fach: „Ro­man­au­to­ren gehen dort­hin, wo ihre Fan­ta­sie und ihr Ge­schick sie beim Ge­schich­ten­er­zäh­len hin­füh­ren.“
Dan Bloom hat in den 1960er Jah­ren fran­zö­si­sche Li­te­ra­tur an der Uni­ver­si­tät Bos­ton stu­diert, in den 1970ern lebte er in Paris als Hip­pie. Spä­ter ar­bei­te­te er als Zei­tungs­re­por­ter und Re­dak­teur in Alas­ka, Japan und Tai­wan. Seit 1996 lebt er in Tai­wan. Als er 2011 für das Mar­ke­ting von „Polar City Red“ des US-​Autors Jim Laugh­ter zu­stän­dig war, fiel ihm der Be­griff „Climate-​Fiction“ ein, um die Ver­mark­tung des Ro­mans vor­an­zu­brin­gen.
Bloom: „Ich riet Laugh­ter, sein Buch als Climate-​Fiction-Thriller zu ver­mark­ten, was er dann auch getan hat. Mar­ga­ret At­wood, eine Freun­din von mir, be­zeich­ne­te den Roman dann in einem Tweet eben­falls als Climate-​Fiction-Thriller.“ Der Tweet er­reich­te At­woods eine Mil­li­on Fol­lower – und brach­te damit den Ball ins Rol­len [Q1], In­zwi­schen ist Cli-​Fi als Genre mit Star-​Autoren wie Mi­cha­el Crich­ton, Mar­ga­ret At­wood, Amitav Ghosh und Bar­ba­ra King­sol­ver po­pu­lär ge­wor­den.
Li­te­ra­tur, die sich mit Kli­ma­ver­än­de­run­gen be­fasst, gibt es schon län­ger. Jules Verne stell­te sich vor, dass sich das Klima auf­grund einer Ver­schie­bung der Erd­ach­se wan­deln würde. Der bri­ti­sche Autor J. G. Ball­ard ent­wi­ckel­te in ver­schie­de­nen dys­to­pi­schen Ro­man­sze­na­ri­en eine von Na­tur­ka­ta­stro­phen und Kli­ma­ver­än­de­run­gen ge­präg­te Welt. In einem Roman von 1964 schreibt er der Kli­ma­ka­ta­stro­phe be­reits mensch­li­che Ur­sa­chen zu: So soll die in­dus­tri­el­le Ver­schmut­zung den Wet­ter­kreis­lauf un­ter­bro­chen haben. Ver­schie­de­ne Er­zähl­strän­ge von J. R. R. Tol­ki­ens Ring-​Trilogie wer­den heute der Climate-​Fiction zu­ge­schrie­ben, etwa wenn der böse Zau­be­rer Sar­uman mas­sen­wei­se Bäume ab­holzt, um seine von Orks be­trie­be­ne Rüs­tungs­ma­schi­ne­rie am Lau­fen zu hal­ten. Aber auch das Set­ting von "Game of Thro­nes" am Rande eines dro­hen­den jahr­zehn­te­lan­gen Win­ters wird dem Genre da­zu­ge­rech­net. [Q2]
Dan Bloom be­ob­ach­tet heute zwei Haupt­trends in der Climate-​Fiction: „Ei­ni­ge Ro­man­au­to­ren schrei­ben in einem apokalyptisch-​dystopischen Rah­men. An­de­re wol­len, dass ihre Ge­schich­ten hoff­nungs­voll, viel­ver­spre­chend und uto­pisch sind. Ich denke, das wer­den die bei­den wich­tigs­ten Cli-​Fi-Trends für die nächs­ten 80 Jahre sein. Und wer weiß, wel­che Trends dann kom­men wer­den?“
Er selbst sieht die Zu­kunft lie­ber mit einer rosa Bril­le: „Ich bin ein ge­bo­re­ner Op­ti­mist und habe keine Angst vor den Aus­wir­kun­gen der glo­ba­len Er­wär­mung. Ich glau­be an den Men­schen, der alle Pro­ble­me über­win­den kann, die das Schick­sal auf­wirft.“ Die Me­di­en mach­ten das Genre zu einem Genre der Welt­un­ter­gangs­stim­mung, „aber das war nie meine Ab­sicht“. Er selbst hätte nie er­war­tet, dass Cli-​Fi auch eine dys­to­pi­sche Seite haben werde, doch der Be­griff sei offen für alle Arten von In­ter­pre­ta­tio­nen und Ite­ra­tio­nen.
Die fol­gen­den drei Cli-​Fi-Romane haben Dan Bloom am meis­ten be­rührt:
·       THE ROAD wurde vom Autor mit so kraft­vol­len Prosa-​Sätzen ge­schrie­ben, dass ich nicht auf­hö­ren konn­te zu lesen. Cor­mac Mc­Car­thy hyp­no­ti­siert den Leser mit sei­ner bril­lan­ten Art, Worte zu­sam­men­zu­set­zen. Ich er­in­ne­re mich, dass ich beim Lesen des Bu­ches mehr­mals leise ge­weint habe. Ich habe das ganze Buch in einer Nacht ge­le­sen. Es gab mir das Ge­fühl, „dass so die Apo­ka­lyp­se sein könn­te“. Ich hatte nie diese Art von Er­fah­rung beim Lesen eines Ro­mans, nicht seit­dem ich als Teen­ager „The Gra­pes of Wrath“ von John Stein­beck ge­le­sen habe.
·       FLIGHT BE­HA­VI­OR von Bar­ba­ra King­sol­ver ist auch sehr gut ge­schrie­ben und ich las es lang­sam über einen Zeit­raum von einer Woche, immer meh­re­re Ka­pi­tel auf ein­mal. Ich fühl­te, dass die Ge­schich­te sehr gut die Pro­ble­me er­klärt, die Kli­ma­ak­ti­vis­ten und -​verweigerer haben, wenn sie ver­su­chen zu kom­mu­ni­zie­ren (und dabei nor­ma­ler­wei­se schei­tern). Der Roman ist eine Fabel, mit Mys­tik und über­na­tür­li­chen Er­eig­nis­sen. (Siehe hier auch die Re­zen­si­on von Kli­ma­So­ci­al)
·       EIS­TAU von Ilija Tro­ja­now, das ich 2018 in eng­li­scher Über­set­zung las, er­in­ner­te mich an SOLAR von Ian McE­wan. Es ist eine Sa­ti­re dar­über, wie die Rei­chen teure Ti­ckets kau­fen, um wie Tou­ris­ten auf Kreuz­fahrt­schif­fen das Ende der Welt zu be­su­chen. Die Sa­ti­re mach­te Eis­Tau ner­vös und avant­gar­dis­tisch.
 Auf Dan Blooms Le­se­lis­te ste­hen nun Cli-​Fi-Romane wie „Aqua“ von Jean-​Marc Ligny und „So­me­whe­re Out There“ vom ita­lie­ni­schen Schrift­stel­ler Bruno Ar­pa­ia.


Quel­len:
[Q1]: Der Tweet ist lei­der nicht mehr auf­find­bar.
[Q2]: Marc Di­Pao­lo: Fire and Snow: Cli­ma­te Fic­tion from the In­klings to Game of Thro­nes", https://www.suny­press.edu/p-​6585-fire-and-snow.aspx
Tipps:

Monday, July 15, 2019

Meet Buket Uzuner -- "The Margaret Atwood of Turkey"

Acclaimed Turkish writer Buket Uzuner pictured in Istanbul, Turkey



An Informal Interview in the Summer of 2019 with "The Margaret Atwood of Turkey"



NOTE: Turkish academic and scholar Serpil Oppermann introduced this blogger to Buket Uzuner earlier this year and made this interview happen. A big thank you to Dr Oppermann!


Dan Bloom- You have heard a little about my promotional work with the rising new literary genre that's been dubbed cli-fi. As a Turkish novelist who tackles environmental issues and a global eco-critic and intellectual on a par with such luminaries as Margaret Atwood and Amitav Ghosh, do you think novels about climate change issues like Barbara Kingsolver "Flight Behavior" can help change public attitudes about the very real risks of future global warming impact events?

Buket Uzuner- I think  “cli-fi” is an ingenious term, and my admiration of it may come from a selfish reason because  “cli-fi” -- in some way -- summarizes most of my literary work of 25 years. As my very first novel “Two Green Otters” was related to the Turkish Green Party, my eco-dystopian novel “Sound of Fisteps” and  the latest novels “Nature Quartet” (a tetrology) are dealing with climatic and environmental issues. That could be one of the reasons why I fell in love with the term “cli-fi” at first sight!

And, thank you for putting my name up there with one of my literary heroes, Margaret Atwood, along with other notable writers Barbara Kingsolver and Amitav Ghosh whose novels are significant in the cli-fi literary genre. And, yes, I do think novels, basically storiesare the best key to open the locked consciousness and blurred conscience of adult Sapiens. Stories are the finest way to search deep inside of one’s soul and let her/him digest the new and/or old but forgotten lessons. Maybe that’s why all monotheist holy books are full of stories in order to explain to the believers what is moral and immoral?  Yet, very similar fantastic stories can be found in all mythologies in different cultures and traditions while mythologies are considered “dead-religions” by some researchers like Joseph Campbell. Stories are capable of making us understand ourselves and the planet because they teach us to emphathize with  “the others”. And nature, all trees, seas, earth, all animals, air, even bacterias and viruses are “the others” beside the minorities and misfits on this planet. In my humble opinion human civilization started to destroy his home; the planet after starting to play the role of the “lords of nature.” 

DB- And is “Flight Behavior” translated into Turkish now, and what is its title in Turkish? 

BU- Such a happy coincidence! Yes, several of Barbara Kingsolver’s books were already translated into Turkish but “Flight Behavior” is not yet to be.  Right now my Turkish Publisher Everest Co. is in touch with her copyright agency and hopefully the novel will be soon published in Turkish. We have different ideas for Turkish titles for “Flight Behavior” My suggestion is “Butterflies are not Flying Here Anymore” (''Kelebekler Artık Burada Uçmuyor'')

DB- In Turkish publishing lists, are there many [or any] Turkish novels that could be called ''cli-fi''novels that you can recommend to my international audience on this blog?

BU- Yes, there are some books that I can mention in this context. 

Let me start with a radio show called “Botanitopia” on Acik Radyo – a very environmental-conscious public radio-in Istanbul. I was talking about ecocritical and cli-fi novels in Turkish literature just last week on that show and said:
“Turkish literature must emphasize more of the rich bio-diversity of Anatolia: the mainland of Turkey which is basically the origin of world’s agriculture, as a part of Mesopotamian civilizations and the biblical Hittite State and basin of Eastern Mediterranean cultures. Yet, two of the main botanical characters of both Eastern and Western Mythologies: “Olive” and “Daphne trees” have their original land in the Southern Turkish cities Hatay and Mardin. What I am trying to say is that the climate change which is mainly the result of selfish human consumption and endless power struggles has now a very negative affect on this great land’s natural resources and precious endemic species, unfortunately. Therefore it is time for more cli-fi in Turkish literature!”

So, I indirectly mentioned about you on Botaniatopia show last week even though the term of  cli-fi (“iklim-kurgu” in Turkish) although the term is not yet a common term in the Turkish language or media. 

Here is some suggestions of Turkish books:

Yashar Kemal- who was nominated several times for the Nobel Literature award- has written quite many ecocritical novels rather than cli-fi genre. “The Birds Have Also Gone” (written in 1968- Harvill Press in 2015) is one of them

Sait Faik- (honorary member of Mark Twain Society 1953) who spent all his life at on Istanbul Island (Prince Island) wrote many short stories in which the narrators are plants, fishes, trees in 1950s… 

I must mention the name of Hikmet Birand who was a nature writer and forest engineer by profession, and his essays and stories “Talking with the Hawthorn Tree” is one of the best among others. (1966) 
Latife Tekkin’s “Berji Kristin Garbage Hill Tales” (1990) can be mentioned, too.

DB- And in your tetrology, two novels Water and Earth have appeared in translation in English, are the next two novels set for translations, too? When?

BU- “NatureTetrology” (a Quartet) -- the four novels are basically named after the elements of Shamanism, (or “animizm” / “paganism”) which all cultures have had the roots in before monotheism. “Water”, “Earth”, “Air” have already published and I am now working on “Fire”. “Air” is in the translation process, and will be published in november this year. I write all my fiction work in Turkish.

The reason I’m interested in the pre-Islamic Turkish tradition of Shamanism is mainly because of its nature-friendly and strong eco-feminist cultural aspects. What fascinates me in Shamanism is the belief of that humans are just one of the living creatures among the others, only a part of Mother Nature not the patrons/ boss nor the Lords or Ladies of the Nature. 

Turkish Shamanism has many similar features and even shares words with Native American cultures and First Nations of Canada. For example “Yurt” means tent and country in all these languages, just because when Turks were nomads- thousand years ago- their country was wherever they set their tents. Some historians claim that before the Bering Strait was still connecting Asia to the North American continent, a group of Siberian Shamans moved  from South Siberia who were the ancestors of Native Americans. Some of those nomads moved to Anatolia as ancestors of Turks. Even it sounds like a magical story. I love to collect the cultural footprints of this ancient saga. 
One of my dreams is to shoot a documentary film about Turkish daily rituals that come from Shamanic traditions which are similar to the some First Nations in Canada.


Here a very recent paper is published about my novel “Water” in “Routledge Handbook of Ecocriticism and Environmental Communication” book with an attractive title: 
Novelist as Eco-Shaman: Buket Uzuner’s ‘Water’ [Su] as Requesting Spirits to Help the Earth in Crisis”* by  Prof.Pinar Batur and Ufuk Ozdag 
*Routledge editors Scott Slovic, Swarnalatha Rangarajan, Vidya Sarveswaran February 2019 

DB- I want to refer you on my blog, as the headline of this post, ''The Margaret Atwood of Turkey.'' Why? Because I know that Margaret Atwood is one of your literary heroines since 1990 while you were reading her novel “The Handmaid’s Tale” in Montreal where you were living then.

In fact, many people outside Turkey don't know that you were the person who suggested “The Handmaid’s Tale” to a Turkish publisher in 1991 and it was you who suggested a clever title in Turkish [''Damızlık KızınÖyküsü''] -- which is still on the literary market there but with the title (''Damızlık Kızın Öyküsü'') which in English might mean "The Tale of a Breeder Girl”.

BU-  I am honored to be called "The Margaret Atwood of Turkey.'' I am proud to share the same literary era with her. Thank you.

I started to read Margaret Atwood in the early 1990s when I was in Montreal. Her brave, wise and humoristic literary voice attracted me immediately. She is a master of setting a dark and sometimes dystopic atmosphere and putting her readers in it, but never leaving them alone and hopeless there. She is one of the earliest ecocritical and ecofeminist writers of our times. That year when I was back in Istanbul I talked to some publishers about “The Handmaid’s Tale”s Turkish translation. It was  the AFA publisher that first got the copyright and meanwhile I suggested the title “The Breeder Girl’s Tale” to the Turkish translators. Such a strong and striking title especially then! Since her Turkish publisher has changed but the title is the same.

DB- Another thing most literary people outside Turkey probably don't know is that in 2018 you attended the Toronto International Film Festival [TIFF] and heard Margaret Atwood give a talk about Shakespeare and later you asked her for a signed copy of her Shakespeare novel “Hag-Seed” there. You even have Margaret Atwood’s favorite coffee from Coffee Balzac’s and a mug in your Istanbul house, you told me in an email, so it's fair to say Margaret Atwood has a real fan in Turkey -- YOU! -- and that you see her and appreciate her as ''an international treasure.''  

BU- Oh yes, Margaret Atwood is a living legend not only to me but to many of her readers all over the world where I travel for the literary festivals from Spain to India and Denmark to New York City. Last time when I was in Toronto I visited my favorite bookstores there: Type Books and Ben McNally Books and in the both bookstores I mentioned how I like Margaret Atwood’s literary work. The responses were almost identical: “We all love her!” “She is the mother of Canada!” I really do wish to see her receive the Nobel Literature Prize this year.


DB- I would say also that you are an international treasure, too, for your work as a writer and an intellectual writing in both Turkish and English. Has your life turned out the way you envisioned it when you were 20? Please explain and tell me any anecdotes about your past.

BU- How lovely to hear such flattering words from a literary person like yourself. 
My own story began with my mom who taught the names of the stars and told me that everything; all visible and invisible things on the earth has its own story, when I was only ffur or five. When I was at the college I discovered John Berger’s great book called “The Way of Seeing” and he wrote there that “The first story tellers were those who named the stars in the sky.” Yet the other great writer Ursula Le Guin unveiled (!) the truth about the first female story tellers in a very similar way. It seems that my mom started from a very right point.

I was already writing short stories  and got published some of them on the main literary magazines on my early twenties, while meeting with the leading writers and poets of Turkey, and hungrily reading the world classics from Dostoyevsky to Hugo, from Kafka to Woolf, Cervantes to Steinbeck. During that early period of my literary years Turkish poet Attila İlhan and Yashar Kemal had personally taken me in as a young friend and that influenced my writing.

But stories were not enough to understand the life and to discover the the secret (!) behind the human history for me. So I started to study science; biology, ecology, environmental sciences.

Meanwhile I really needed to find a way to make real my passion for travelling the world. And the only way for that was to get academic scholarships from different universities in the different countries. My first acceptance was from a Norwegian University. Then came the U.S. (University of Mi), Finnish universities, and so on... I travelled by trains, ferries, planes, hitchhiked, studied science and wrote stories. Have I mentioned that I have written several travel books too. One of them is  called “New York Log Book” I maybe the one of the earliest “solo woman travellers” of my generation?
(In the 80’s travelling without smart phones and internet was like living before the invention of wheel😂)

Science, especially biology and ecology opened a wide perspective for me to understand how every living thing are connected to each others from the cell level to the social life. It was not only Shamans but John Lennon was talking from the same perspective though.

Yet there was, and still is something missing in all stories which irritated me all my life long is the female part of life! All the heros who had adventures and fun were boys and men in the books, movies and in the real life then. That was so discouraging for the young girls all over the world!

When I was 6 years old mom took me and my brother to the local state theater to see ''Peter Pan.'' A young Turkish actress was playing as Peter Pan, therefore I thought finally I found a heroine who had real adventures including flying too! Super! Such a happy and joyful day it was in my life! My greatest discovery ever! Then it was explained to me that actually Peter Pan (too) was a boy and in the 1970s almost everywhere in the world only young actresses were playing Peter Pan because girls were lighter than boys therefore easier to fly in those days’ back stage technologies. 

That was not the last heartbreak though! When I read Madame Bovary and Anna Karanena translated in Turkish in my high school years, I saw those great writers Flaubert and Tolstoy were punishing even killing their heroines who only wanted to have adventures… 

As you may imagine. most of my female protagonists are strong and adventurous women and I myself don’t easily give up of my goals, ideals, and dreams in my life in spite of the cost is usually very expensive.

 And now my latest heroine, my female protagonist Misfit Daphne Kaman (Shaman) of the “Nature Quartet” has many dangerous and romantic adventures in her adulthood without being killed by her woman writer☺

DB-  You were born in 1955, I was born in 1949. In the course of your life, did you ever think that global warming and climate change would become the enormous challenges that all nations face today? What has most surprised you about the challenges of climate change in your nation and other nations? And what has *not* surprised you at all about all this?

BU- You mean we both were born in the last century, oh yes! Aren’t we lucky to see the other side of the moon?

Meanwhile the older I get, the younger my readers became. I do not know the secret of it but I enjoy having young fans and friends around. I love to learn from young people and they are mostly easier to have fun together. I experienced a similar case while I was on the book signing line for Margaret Atwood at her TIFF talk last year. There were more younger people than older fans, but she was the youngest among us as it took more than an hour of signing after one-hour reading and Q and A session.

Climate issues:

Sumerians discovered writing, and the first alphabet -- as far as we know. We are living very close to Sumerian’s ancient land in Turkey today. Sumerians wrote famous The Epic of Gilgamesh in 2100 BC which includes the “Genesis flood narrative” about 798 years before the holy books. Some theologians and art historians believe the Arc of Noah was on the Mount Ararat which is also located in today’s Turkey. Why I mention all about this is because the first climate disaster ever recorded is Gilgamesh Epic when the life of planet earth was totally destroyed by gigantic floods. I have never thought that the epics and climate disasters in them were fiction. The fictitious part may be saving the lives with the arc or not? 

I am not an happy optimist about the climate change but as an biologist I believe in the power of microorganisms. We may find ways to solve the carbon emission, plastic and nuclear waste problems with the help of certain micro-organisms -  only if we start working immediately and all together -- all nations -- but I am afraid most of the human population, even educated ones are not really aware of the urgency of the situation. 

About films:

One of the Turkish film producers asked me last month, what I would think about a Netflix series of the “Nature Quartet”  ”It may be interesting.” I said. So, que sera sera?


As an animal activist:
1- I work with Greenpeace Turkiye for the campaign against single use plastic bottle consumption.
2- I join the anti nuclear-power plants campaigns (which are highly political and critical here)
3- I work with the “change.org Turkiye” for the campaign of closing down the dolphin parks& aquariums in Turkey “

Thank you Dan, for your interest in my literary work and for your time. I hope we meet in Istanbul or somewhere else and toast our glasses for those who named the stars first! 
And if it is ok for you, after you publish this interview in your blog I would like to publish it in Turkish in Turkey. We may invite you for a cli-fi panel discussion to Istanbul and I may interview you then.

All the best, sevgiler,

Buket ( which means ''a bouquet of flowers'' in Turkish - not ''bucket'' please😂😂😂)

Istanbul. Summer 2019

Buket Uzuner (Travels, dreams, reads, writes, worries, laughs, walks, still curious/crazy after all these years…)




MORE INFORMATION HERE:


Sunday, July 14, 2019

ALCIFF a Spanish language "Science Fiction & Fantasy Writers Association" in Chile has invited me to be an honorary member of the group and they will soon publish an interview with me about the rise of cli-fi worldwide in 2019 and 2020s (in Spanish only for now). Later, we will translate the interview to English for readers in both Spanish and English worldwide.

         
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SOME GOOD NEWS TO RELAY FROM CHILE:

A Spanish language "Science Fiction & Fantasy Chilean Writers Association" ...ALCIFF ....in Chile has invited me to be an honorary member of the group and they it has published an interview with me about the rise of cli-fi worldwide in 2019 and 2020s (in Spanish only for now). Later, we will translate the interview to English for readers in both Spanish and English worldwide.

INTERVIEW LINK HERE:

Juan Pablo Cifuentes Palma conducted and wrote up the interview

 HERE: 


the interview that has just been published in Revista Pudú in Chile.
link: http://revistapudu.cl/cli-fi-el-futuro-de-las-nuevas-generaciones-esta-en-juego/
Saludos cordiales JP



CLI-FI: EL FUTURO DE LAS NUEVAS GENERACIONES ESTÁ EN JUEGOPOR: JP CIFUENTES PALMA / JUANPIX@GMAIL.COM

Nacido y criado en Massachusetts, Dan Bloom se graduó en 1971 de la Universidad de Tufts en Boston, donde se especializó en literatura europea posmoderna. También asistió a la Universidad Estatal de Oregón, donde trabajó en una maestría en el Departamento de Habla y Comunicaciones y fue asistente de posgrado. Dan trabajó como periodista en Alaska durante 12 años en las décadas del 70 y 80, y más tarde trabajó como editor y periodista de periódicos en inglés en Japón y Taiwán. Ha vivido en 14 países, con largos períodos en Francia, Grecia e Italia y Japón. Sus experiencias lo han convertido en un ciudadano global: “Ya no pienso en términos de fronteras nacionales, o pieles de colores, raza o religiones. Mi lema a los 70 años es ‘un pueblo, una raza, una Tierra, una vida’», afirma.
Bloom vive actualmente en Taiwán, desde donde alimenta un blog sobre el género “Cli-Fi”, término que acuñaría en 2011, refiriéndose al formato creativo, comprometido y en franca ascendencia, “climate fiction”, aplicado en literatura de ficción y no ficción cuyo tema central es el cambio climático y que nos da a conocer en mayor profundidad a través de esta entrevista:
  • ¿Cómo surgió el concepto de Cli-Fi?
En 2011 se me ocurrió estando en Oklahoma, mientras realizaba una campaña de marketing para una novela sobre el futuro cercano, “Polar city red”, de Jim Laughter. Yo no soy  novelista ni escritor de cuentos, mi formación literaria de toda la vida ha sido desde las relaciones públicas y la mercadotecnia, y me encontraba buscando un término que pudiera reflejar las ansiedades en torno al cambio climático que muchos científicos, escritores, lectores y los editores empezaban a experimentar entonces y que se ha ido acrecentando hasta llegar a la actualidad. Se me ocurrió el término de “Cli-Fi” basado en la «asonancia» del término de “ciencia ficción”: Los mismos sonidos de rima y también estrechamente relacionado con la ciencia ficción.
Luego de que se publicara “Polar city red” como libro de bolsillo en los EE. UU., la conocida novelista Margaret Atwood tuiteó sobre él calificándolo como un «thriller de Cli-Fi». Dos años más tarde, en 2013, la NPR (National Public Radio, EE. UU.) realizó un segmento de radio de 5 minutos sobre el nuevo género que se titulaba «So hot right now: Has Climate Change Created A New Literary Genre?
  • ¿Cómo se diferencia de la ciencia ficción?
El Cli-Fi es un género literario independiente. A principios del siglo XXI su uso se fue extendiendo entre periodistas, editores de periódicos, escritores de titulares, críticos literarios, críticos de libros, académicos y novelistas en el mundo anglófono. Se convirtió en una palabra de moda y un apodo para las novelas que exploran varios temas del cambio climático, ya sea directa o indirectamente. No hay un canon de Cli-Fi y no hay una agenda de Cli-Fi. Los novelistas van donde les llevan sus imaginaciones y sus habilidades narrativas. Es una figura lingüística pegadiza para referirnos a «ficción del cambio climático». Algunos escritores de ciencia ficción ven el Cli-Fi como un subgénero de la ciencia ficción y esa también es una buena manera de verlo.
  • ¿Dónde radica la relevancia de hablar de cambio climático desde la literatura?
Más que como un activista del clima, me veo como un activista literario. Por eso el apodo “Cli-Fi” nació con el objetivo único de darle a los medios de comunicación y a los críticos literarios un nombre, una forma de referirse a la hora de escribir sobre este tipo de novelas, fueran de le período que fueran de la historia literaria. A veces las nuevas palabras nos dan una nueva forma de ver las cosas. Eso es lo que me motivó.  Y luego, si nos preguntamos por qué es importante hablar de cambio climático, la respuesta es porque vivimos ahora en “la era del Antropoceno” y necesitamos hablar sobre el cambio climático y escribir novelas y relatos breves al respecto con toda la pasión e imaginación que podemos aportar a la tarea. El futuro de las nuevas generaciones está en juego, y las novelas de Cli-Fi pueden ayudar a crear conciencia.
  • ¿La literatura, en ese plano, se convierte en un agente de cambio para enfrentar este desafío de la humanidad?
Nunca imaginé que el Cli-Fi fuera un género oscuro o distópico. Para mí, el término está abierto a muchas interpretaciones e interacciones, y tanto las novelas optimistas y utópicas como las pesimistas, siempre fueron parte de mi concepto de Cli-Fi. Los medios de Estados Unidos y el Reino Unido convirtieron el género de Cli-Fi en el género del «día del juicio final», pero esa nunca fue mi intención. En este caso, los medios de comunicación se equivocaron al pintar el Cli-Fi como algo oscuro y distópico. Por el contrario, es un género muy abierto y la gente está descubriendo esa característica. En este sentido, el Cli-Fi puede servir como una llamada de atención, un destello de advertencia, una llamada de atención, un «cri de coeur» (un llamado urgente nacido en el corazón).
  • ¿Cómo podemos proyectar el cli fi dentro de las nuevas generaciones de lectores y escritores?
Muchas de las películas y libros sobre desastres climáticos han presentado ciudades abandonadas o incluso un planeta abandonado, pero yo no veo las cosas de esa manera. Veo el futuro con gafas de color rosa. Soy un optimista nato y no me preocupa el cambio climático descontrolado o el impacto del calentamiento global. Tengo fe en los humanos para superar cualquier problema que el destino nos arroje. Esa es mi perspectiva, pero otros escritores, con una imaginación mucho más vívida y sonora que la mía, ¿quién sabe cómo transformarán el Cli-Fi en los próximos 30 años? Los escritores de ciencia ficción ya se están uniendo a este nuevo movimiento literario, como en el caso de Bruno Arpaia, italiano autor de «Somewhere, Out There” y Jean-Marc Ligny en Francia, autor de »Aqua ™» y otros tantos que medios como Book Riot, The Verge o The Guardian han incosporado en sus listas de libros de Cli-Fi para sus lectores. Me gustaría y espero ver involucrados a más novelistas chilenos, escritores de cuentos y poetas que apuesten por el Cli-Fi.


Contacto: danbloom@gmail.com / www.cli-fi.net, herramienta de investigación para académicos y profesionales de los medios de comunicación, que recopila y expone información sobre el Cli-Fi en todo el mundo.